你已经学到,在 Hibernate 中,一个对象将被创建和保持。一旦对象已经被修改,它必须被保存到数据库里。这个过程持续直到下一次对象被需要,它将被从持久的存储中加载。
因此一个对象通过它生命周期中的不同阶段,并且 Interceptor 接口提供了在不同阶段能被调用来进行一些所需要的任务的方法。这些方法是从会话到应用程序的回调函数,允许应用程序检查或操作一个持续对象的属性,在它被保存,更新,删除或上传之前。以下是在 Interceptor 接口中可用的所有方法的列表。
S.N. | 方法和描述 |
---|---|
1 | findDirty()
这个方法在当 flush() 方法在一个 Session 对象上被调用时被调用。 |
2 | instantiate()
这个方法在一个持续的类被实例化时被调用。 |
3 | isUnsaved()
这个方法在当一个对象被传到 saveOrUpdate() 方法时被调用。 |
4 | onDelete()
这个方法在一个对象被删除前被调用。 |
5 | onFlushDirty()
这个方法在当 Hibernate 探测到一个对象在一次 flush(例如,更新操作)中是脏的(例如,被修改)时被调用。 |
6 | onLoad()
这个方法在一个对象被初始化之前被调用。 |
7 | onSave()
这个方法在一个对象被保存前被调用。 |
8 | postFlush()
这个方法在一次 flush 已经发生并且一个对象已经在内存中被更新后被调用。 |
9 | preFlush()
这个方法在一次 flush 前被调用。 |
Hibernate 拦截器给予了我们一个对象如何应用到应用程序和数据库的总控制。
为了创建一个拦截器你可以直接实现 Interceptor 类或者继承 EmptyInterceptor 类。以下是简单的使用 Hibernate 拦截器功能的步骤。
我们将在例子中继承 EmptyInterceptor,当 Employee 对象被创建和更新时拦截器的方法将自动被调用。你可以根据你的需求实现更多的方法。
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.hibernate.EmptyInterceptor;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.type.Type;
public class MyInterceptor extends EmptyInterceptor {
private int updates;
private int creates;
private int loads;
public void onDelete(Object entity,
Serializable id,
Object[] state,
String[] propertyNames,
Type[] types) {
// do nothing
}
// This method is called when Employee object gets updated.
public boolean onFlushDirty(Object entity,
Serializable id,
Object[] currentState,
Object[] previousState,
String[] propertyNames,
Type[] types) {
if ( entity instanceof Employee ) {
System.out.println("Update Operation");
return true;
}
return false;
}
public boolean onLoad(Object entity,
Serializable id,
Object[] state,
String[] propertyNames,
Type[] types) {
// do nothing
return true;
}
// This method is called when Employee object gets created.
public boolean onSave(Object entity,
Serializable id,
Object[] state,
String[] propertyNames,
Type[] types) {
if ( entity instanceof Employee ) {
System.out.println("Create Operation");
return true;
}
return false;
}
//called before commit into database
public void preFlush(Iterator iterator) {
System.out.println("preFlush");
}
//called after committed into database
public void postFlush(Iterator iterator) {
System.out.println("postFlush");
}
}
现在让我们稍微修改我们的第一个例子,我们使用 EMPLOYEE 表单和 Employee 类:
public class Employee {
private int id;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private int salary;
public Employee() {}
public Employee(String fname, String lname, int salary) {
this.firstName = fname;
this.lastName = lname;
this.salary = salary;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId( int id ) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName( String first_name ) {
this.firstName = first_name;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName( String last_name ) {
this.lastName = last_name;
}
public int getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary( int salary ) {
this.salary = salary;
}
}
第二步将是在你的数据库中创建表。一张表对应每个你提供持久性的对象。考虑以上的对象需要被存储和检索到以下的 RDBM 表中:
create table EMPLOYEE (
id INT NOT NULL auto_increment,
first_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
last_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
salary INT default NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
这个步骤是来创建一个指导 Hibernate 如何将定义的类或者多个类映射到数据库表单中的映射文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="Employee" table="EMPLOYEE">
<meta attribute="class-description">
This class contains the employee detail.
</meta>
<id name="id" type="int" column="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="firstName" column="first_name" type="string"/>
<property name="lastName" column="last_name" type="string"/>
<property name="salary" column="salary" type="int"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
最后,我们将用 main() 创建 application 类来运行应用程序。这里应该注意当创建 session 对象时我们使用 Interceptor 类作为参数。
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class ManageEmployee {
private static SessionFactory factory;
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
}catch (Throwable ex) {
System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex);
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
}
ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee();
/* Add few employee records in database */
Integer empID1 = ME.addEmployee("Zara", "Ali", 1000);
Integer empID2 = ME.addEmployee("Daisy", "Das", 5000);
Integer empID3 = ME.addEmployee("John", "Paul", 10000);
/* List down all the employees */
ME.listEmployees();
/* Update employee's records */
ME.updateEmployee(empID1, 5000);
/* Delete an employee from the database */
ME.deleteEmployee(empID2);
/* List down new list of the employees */
ME.listEmployees();
}
/* Method to CREATE an employee in the database */
public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname, int salary){
Session session = factory.openSession( new MyInterceptor() );
Transaction tx = null;
Integer employeeID = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary);
employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
return employeeID;
}
/* Method to READ all the employees */
public void listEmployees( ){
Session session = factory.openSession( new MyInterceptor() );
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list();
for (Iterator iterator =
employees.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();){
Employee employee = (Employee) iterator.next();
System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName());
System.out.print(" Last Name: " + employee.getLastName());
System.out.println(" Salary: " + employee.getSalary());
}
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
/* Method to UPDATE salary for an employee */
public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary ){
Session session = factory.openSession( new MyInterceptor() );
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee =
(Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
employee.setSalary( salary );
session.update(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
/* Method to DELETE an employee from the records */
public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID){
Session session = factory.openSession( new MyInterceptor() );
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee =
(Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
session.delete(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
}
这里是编译和运行上面提及的应用程序的步骤。确保你已经在处理编译和执行前正确设置了 PATH 和 CLASSPATH。
你将得到以下结果,而且记录将在 EMPLOYEE 表单中被创建。
$java ManageEmployee
.......VARIOUS LOG MESSAGES WILL DISPLAY HERE........
Create Operation
preFlush
postFlush
Create Operation
preFlush
postFlush
Create Operation
preFlush
postFlush
First Name: Zara Last Name: Ali Salary: 1000
First Name: Daisy Last Name: Das Salary: 5000
First Name: John Last Name: Paul Salary: 10000
preFlush
postFlush
preFlush
Update Operation
postFlush
preFlush
postFlush
First Name: Zara Last Name: Ali Salary: 5000
First Name: John Last Name: Paul Salary: 10000
preFlush
postFlush
如果你检查你的 EMPLOYEE 表单,它应该有如下结果:
mysql> select * from EMPLOYEE;
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| id | first_name | last_name | salary |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| 29 | Zara | Ali | 5000 |
| 31 | John | Paul | 10000 |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec
mysql>