SQL HAVING 子句

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　在 SQL 中增加 HAVING 子句原因是，WHERE 关键字无法与 Aggregate 函数一起使用。

　HAVING子句已添加到SQL中，因为WHERE关键字不能用于聚合函数。

SQL HAVING 语法

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
GROUP BY column_name(s)
HAVING condition
ORDER BY column_name(s);

演示数据库

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　以下是罗斯文示例数据库中"Customers"表的选择：

CustomerID	CustomerName	ContactName	Address	City	PostalCode	Country
1	Alfreds Futterkiste	Maria Anders	Obere Str. 57	Berlin	12209	Germany
2	Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados	Ana Trujillo	Avda. de la Constitución 2222	México D.F.	05021	Mexico
3	Antonio Moreno Taquería	Antonio Moreno	Mataderos 2312	México D.F.	05023	Mexico
4	Around the Horn	Thomas Hardy	120 Hanover Sq.	London	WA1 1DP	UK
5	Berglunds snabbk"op	Christina Berglund	Berguvsv"agen 8	Lulea	S-958 22	Sweden

SQL HAVING示例

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　以下SQL语句列出了每个国家/地区的客户数量。只包括超过5位客户的国家/地区：

SELECT COUNT(CustomerID), Country
FROM Customers
GROUP BY Country
HAVING COUNT(CustomerID) > 5;

　以下SQL语句列出每个国家的客户数量，从高到低排序（仅包括拥有超过5名客户的国家/地区）：

SELECT COUNT(CustomerID), Country
FROM Customers
GROUP BY Country
HAVING COUNT(CustomerID) > 5
ORDER BY COUNT(CustomerID) DESC;

演示数据库

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　以下是罗斯文示例数据库中"Orders"表的一个选择：

OrderID	CustomerID	EmployeeID	OrderDate	ShipperID
10248	90	5	1996-07-04	3
10249	81	6	1996-07-05	1
10250	34	4	1996-07-08	2

并从"Employees"表中选择：

EmployeeID	LastName	FirstName	BirthDate	Photo	Notes
1	Davolio	Nancy	1968-12-08	EmpID1.pic	Education includes a BA....
2	Fuller	Andrew	1952-02-19	EmpID2.pic	Andrew received his BTS....
3	Leverling	Janet	1963-08-30	EmpID3.pic	Janet has a BS degree....

更多HAVING示例

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　以下SQL语句列出已注册超过10个订单的员工：

SELECT Employees.LastName, COUNT(Orders.OrderID) AS NumberOfOrders
FROM Orders
INNER JOIN Employees ON Orders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID
GROUP BY LastName
HAVING COUNT(Orders.OrderID) > 10;

　以下SQL语句列出员工“Davolio”或“Fuller”是否已注册超过25个订单：

SELECT Employees.LastName, COUNT(Orders.OrderID) AS NumberOfOrders
FROM Orders
INNER JOIN Employees ON Orders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID
WHERE LastName = 'Davolio' OR LastName = 'Fuller'
GROUP BY LastName
HAVING COUNT(Orders.OrderID) > 25;